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The Xcode IDE is at the center of the Apple development experience. Tightly integrated with the Cocoa and Cocoa Touch frameworks, Xcode is an incredibly productive environment for building apps for Mac, iPhone, iPad, Apple Watch, and Apple TV.
Xcode smoothly takes you from concept, to code, to customers.
Because everything is so well integrated, workflows feel natural. As you compose a new interface, the Assistant editor intuitively presents the related source code in a split window pane. Simply drag the mouse to connect UI controls to the implementation code. Apple LLVM compiler technologies parse your code, keeping every symbol you see in the LLDB debugger consistent with the editor and compiler. As you type, that same engine is constantly at work, finding mistakes and offering Fix-its for your code.
Xcode even communicates with the Apple developer website, so you can enable services such as Game Center or Passbook in your app with a single click. When your app is ready, Xcode will bundle and submit your app to the App Store.
Assistant Editor
The Assistant button splits the Xcode editor in two, with your primary work document on the left and an intelligent Assistant editor pane to the right. The Assistant editor automatically displays files that Xcode determines are most helpful to you based on the work you are performing in the primary editor. For instance, if you are editing MyClass.m in the primary editor, the Assistant will automatically show the counterpart MyClass.h.
Jump Bar
Clicking the Jump Bar, located at the top of every editor pane, you can quickly select what information to view in the Assistant editor. For instance, while editing source code in the primary editor, the Assistant can show the counterpart header, sub-classes or superclasses, or related tests.
Interface Builder
Fully integrated within the Xcode IDE, the Interface Builder design canvas makes it simple to prototype a full user interface without writing any code. Prototype in minutes, then graphically connect your interface to the source within the Xcode editor, laying out windows, buttons, and sliders to create a functioning Mac, iPhone, or iPad user interface. With the Assistant editor, you can work on the graphical design side-by-side with the implementation source code. A simple mouse drag from a UI control to the source pane creates a connection between code and interface, and can even create the code stub for you.Learn more
The Version editor makes it easy to compare two versions of a file, see commit logs, check who made a code change, and even zoom back through the commit timeline. The Version editor splits the pane to show two different versions of the same file. Differences are highlighted as you travel through the timeline separating the editor views. Xcode can also create a local Git repository for new projects, or check out a hosted Subversion or Git repo. The top-level Source Control menu makes it easy to perform branch and merge operations, perfect for distributed teams.
Testing
Test-driven development is a first-class workflow within Xcode. The Test Navigator makes it incredibly easy to jump to any test in your project, execute an individual test, or execute a group of tests. The Assistant editor has new test-specific views that automatically track which tests exercise the code you are presently editing, keeping your tests and code in sync at all times.
Customize
The Xcode environment can be configured to match almost any workflow, including customization features like tabs, behaviors, and snippets.
Tabs.
Create a completely unique view of your project with tabs. Each tab has its own navigator, editor, assistant, and utility area arrangement. You can name tabs for specific tasks, re-arrange them, or tear out the tab to create a stand-alone window.
Behaviors.
Tell Xcode what to do with events such as starting a debug session or encountering an error during a build. Coupled with tabs, you can create a custom work environment for each of your edit, design, build, or debug tasks. Custom behaviors can also completely re-arrange your window with a single key combination.
Snippets.
Dozens of pre-configured code completions, such as defining a new class or method, are included in the snippets library. By customizing or adding snippets, you can insert frequently entered code by typing only a few characters.
Get quick access to any file your project uses with Open Quickly (Command-Shift-O). Xcode immediately offers completions for your search, allowing you to choose one and hit Return to open the file or hit Option-Return to open in the Assistant editor.
Customize the way Xcode builds and runs your app depending on whether you are debugging, profiling, performing code analysis, or running a test suite. For example, the default scheme is configured to build your app in “Debug” mode when running, and the same scheme settings will build for “Release” when performing the Profile or Archive command. There is no need to change project settings as you move from task to task. Xcode configures the schemes for you automatically, or you can use the “Manage Schemes” menu to customize them yourself.
Contents
- Install a text editor
- Step 2 – “Hello World” in Python
Back up your computer
Mac users can take advantage of the Time Machine for this.
Install Python v.3
You may already have Python 2 installed on your machine. This version of Python will be deprecated at the end of 2019, so you will have to install Python 3. Download the lateststable release of the Python programming language (Version 3.8 as ofNovember 2019) and install it by following the instructions on the Pythonwebsite.
Create a Directory
To stay organized, it’s best to have a dedicated directory (folder) onyour computer where you will keep your Python programs (e.g.,programming-historian). Save it anywhere you like on your harddrive.
Install a text editor
There are many text editors that you can use to write, store, and run Python commands. Komodo Edit is the one used in this lesson. It is a free and open source code editor. If you prefer to useanother editor, there are many other text editing options. Some of ourtesters prefer a program called TextWrangler. Which you use is up toyou, but for the sake of consistency in our lessons, we will be usingKomodo Edit. You can download a copy of Komodo Edit from the KomodoEdit website. Install it from the .DMG file
Make a “Run Python” Command in Komodo Edit
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Now you need to set up the editor so that you can run Pythonprograms.
If you don’t see the Toolbox pane on the right hand side, chooseView->Tabs & Sidebars ->Toolbox. In the Toolbox window, click on the gear icon and select“New Command…“. This will open a new dialog window. Rename yourcommand to “Run Python” and feel free to change the icon if youlike. In the “Command” box, type
and on the Advanced Options tab under “Start in,” enter
Click OK. Your new Run Python command should appear in the Toolboxpane.
Step 2 – “Hello World” in Python
It is traditional to begin programming in a new language by trying tocreate a program that says ‘hello world’ and terminates. We will showyou how to do this in Python and HTML.
Python is a good programming language for beginners because it is veryhigh-level. It is possible, in other words, to write short programs thataccomplish a lot. The shorter the program, the more likely it is for thewhole thing to fit on one screen, and the easier it is to keep track ofall of it in your mind.
Python is an ‘interpreted’ programming language. This means thatthere is a special computer program (known as an interpreter) that knowshow to follow instructions written in that language. One way to use theinterpreter is to store all of your instructions in a file, and then runthe interpreter on the file. A file that contains programming languageinstructions is known as a program. The interpreter will execute each ofthe instructions that you gave it in your program and then stop. Let’stry this.
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In your text editor, create a new file, enter the following two-lineprogram and save it to your programming-historian directory ashello-world.py
Your chosen text editor should have a “Run” button that will allow youto execute your program. If you are using TextWrangler, click on the“#!” button and Run. If all went well, it should look something likethis:
“Hello World” in Python on a Mac
Interacting with a Python shell
Another way to interact with an interpreter is to use what is known as ashell. You can type in a statement and press the Enter key, and theshell will respond to your command. Using a shell is a great way to teststatements to make sure that they do what you think they should. This isdone slightly differently on Mac, Linux and Windows.
You can run a Python shell by launching the ‘terminal’. On the Mac, openthe Finder and double-click on Applications -> Utilities -> Terminalthen typing “python3” into the window that opens on your screen. At thePython shell prompt, type
and press Enter. The computer will respond with
When we want to represent an interaction with the shell, we will use-> to indicate the shell’s response to your command, as shown below:
On your screen, it will look more like this:
Python Shell in Mac Terminal
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Now that you and your computer are up and running, we can move onto somemore interesting tasks. If you are working through the Python lessons inorder, we suggest you next try ‘Understanding Web Pages and HTML.’